The On The Natures And The Properties Of Royal Authority

In times of uncertainty, Jaques Bossuet and Thomas Hobbes were able to contribute their ideologies and beliefs surrounding legitimate political rules as well as the responsibilities of the sovereign and its citizens to shine a light on a time that we would otherwise have very little knowledge on today. In Jaques Bossuet s written work titled, On the Natures and the Properties of Royal Authority, he shares his experiences and personal views regarding the correlation between the higher power of God and the rulers of the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes in his famed written work, Leviathan, on the other hand, shares his own unique doctrine which allows us to see the important relationship between the rationale of man and the sovereign. While Bossuet was a Bishop and Hobbes was a philosopher, their independent and credible experiences were able to develop fascinating points and ideas that allow us to look back and learn about the times at hand. Their respective works are still widely spread and circulated across the globe which allows for a deeper and more critical understanding of their work. Jaques Bossuet and Thomas Hobbes share their respective philosophies that at first glance are quite different, with no apparent similarities coming to light. However after deep analysis of both texts, the connection of their empirical knowledge becomes more and more evident and is able to be more critically evaluated. While neither Bossuet or Hobbes provides an ideal form of rule, one can’t helpShow MoreRelatedCadia Case Analysis Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding copper and gold, and paid royalties to the Minister pursuant to the Mining Act 1992 (NSW). The Minister referred to the Case of Mines[1], claiming that the mine owned by Cadia was a â€Å"royal mine† containing gold that belonged to the Crown prerogative, and as a consequence the copper was also the property of the Crown. Cadia commenced proceedings against the State of New South Wales and the Minister claiming unjust enrichment and failure to comply with the statutory duty in s 284(2)(a) of theRead MorePower In Stephen Frears Film, The Queen And Shakespeares King Lear1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Power is the ability to manipulate and control whatever one desires, to do what one pleases to do, without answering to authority.† Political authority and power play an extensive role in both Stephen Frears Film, The Queen and Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Frears explores the theme of power through, Queen Elizabeth II, a hardline traditionalist who is blinded by old world protocols and traditions all but failing to see the transfer in balance of power. Similarly, Shakespeare explores the themeRead More absolutism Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesfour characteristics to royal authority. The first of being, royal authority is sacred. Second, royal authority is paternal. Third, it is absolute. Fourth, All power comes from God. (Text 596) To summarize Bousset he believes tha t, like God, a king is a father figure. To be idolized, respected and loved. So if God is the father of earth then his sons are the fathers of people, or kings. This makes a king both divine and undisputable, as a descendant of God. â€Å"Royal authority is absolute†¦The princeRead MoreThe Rise of the Sovereignty of the People Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Treaty of Westphalia, Religion was not the only matter that generated conflict among Europeans. The intellectual atmosphere generated by the Age of Enlightenment generated conflict with the Roman Catholic Church as well as with the Monarchial authorities because many European and Euro-American thinkers made use of reason to study the natural world as well as human behavior, doubting the fairness of their religious, economic, social, and political systems. As a result, many enlighten thinkers, commonlyRead MoreEssay on The Development of the Character of King Lear1132 Words   |  5 PagesIt is about political authorit y as much as it is about family dynamics. It is a ruthless play, filled with human cruelty and awful, nonsensical disasters. Lear, an autocratic leader, is the king of Britain and has three daughters, Regan, Cordelia and Goneril. Regan and Goneril are cold, heartless and selfish, whereas Cordelia, the youngest is quite the contrary, honest, realistic and straightforward. P Lear is introduced with trumpets and crown. The symbol of his authority is carried before himRead MoreThe Rise of the Sovereignty of the Peoples of Europe and the Americas1758 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Treaty of Westphalia, Religion was not the only matter that generated conflict among Europeans. The intellectual atmosphere generated by the age of Enlightenment generated conflict with the Roman Catholic Church as well as with the Monarchial authorities because many European and Euro-American thinkers made use of reason to study the natural world as well as human behavior, doubting the fairness of their religious, economic, social, and political systems. As a result, many enlighten thinkers, commonlyRead MoreWomen s Rights During The French Revolution1041 Words   |  5 PagesDeclaration makes little progress in gender equality. Men were given the ‘sacred and inviolable right’ of property, men had the ‘natural and inalienable rights of†¦ liberty†¦ securit y, and resistance to oppression.’ Women, on the other hand, were forced to endure their oppression. They were still subjected to the will of men- her father until she married and her husband thereafter. Women could own property, but they had ‘no control’ over it. Men were allowed to resist their oppressors, according to the DeclarationRead MoreAristotles Views on Citizenship Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesAristotles Views on Citizenship For Aristotle the human is by nature destined to live in a political association. Yet not all who live in the political association are citizens, and not all citizens are given equal share in the power of association. The idea of Polity is that all citizens should take short turns at ruling (VII, 1332 b17-27). It is an inclusive form of government: everyone has a share of political power. Aristotle argues that citizen are those who are able to participateRead MoreAp History Compare and Contrast Essay: Egypt and Mesopotamia1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmilitary forces, laws, and taxations. Similarly, in Egypt, the control of wring mean control of knowledge and thus power. It is easy to see where they come to these conclusions. The Pharaoh controlled all political instruments of power and is also the authority in terms of religious beliefs. By the third millennium B.C.E. the concept of king (lugal) developed, quite possibly because of arguments about natural resources. Religious leaders decreased in power, as the power of kings increased. Although theRead MoreJohn Locke: Property Rights2067 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Locke: Property Rights Perhaps one of, if not the, most historically influential political thinkers of the western world was John Locke. John Locke, the man who initiated what is now known as British Empiricism, is also considered highly influential in establishing grounds, theoretically at least, for the constitution of the United States of America. The basis for understanding Locke is that he sees all people as having natural God given rights. As Gods creations, this denotes

Wal Mart The Face Of Twenty First Century Capitalism

Introduction In the Module 5 SLP, this paper will demonstrate the understanding of a peer-reviewed journal article as it relates to business ethics. My selection was a scholarly peer reviewed article named â€Å"Wal-Mart: The Face of Twenty-First Century Capitalism†. Wal-Mart s historical roots can be carefully mapped out. The company did not become the world s largest corporation overnight. That process took decades, as several chapters from the book demonstrate (Lichtentstein, 2006). Nelson Lichtenstein s introductory chapter convincingly implies that Wal-Mart, like the Pennsylvania railroad in the late nineteenth century, U.S. Steel in the 1910s, and General Motors in the 1950s, is today s template business setting standards for a new stage in the history of world capitalism On October 11th, 2003 fifty-nine thousand grocery workers went on strike for nearly nine months fighting with together with their Unions against the major supermarket chains that were cutting wages, healthcare benefits and reduced labor costs. By March 2004, cashiers, baggers, and stockers all went back to work defeated. Wal-Mart was the largest company in the world and was rapidly moving in to the full-sized grocery business co-located with its general merchandise called â€Å"Supercenters† (Lichtentstein, 2006). Every organization has its own separate values and principles that set it apart from other organizations. Likewise, an organizations business practices associated with its cultureShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Wal-Mart1475 Words   |  6 PagesThis is a case analysis of Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in Mexico and North America. Wal-Mart controls a large portion of the markets in which its products are sold, enabling Wal-Mart to maintain its core value of delivering low prices through eliminating the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, developing innovative technology to maintain competitive advantage, and thus creating incredibly high bar riers for new entrants. Wal-Mart’s core value - delivering low prices - has proved successfulRead MoreTo most of us, globalization—as a political, economic, social, and technological force—appears all1700 Words   |  7 Pagesnations to actually embrace elements of global capitalism, as is happening in the former Soviet Union, China, and other parts of the world. He was right, however, about the importance of branding and its role in forging the convergence of consumer preferences on a global scale. Think of Coca-Cola, Starbucks, McDonald’s, or Google. More than 20 years later, in 2005, Thomas Friedman, author of The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, had much the same idea, this time focused onRead MoreWalmart and Employee Relations3437 Words   |  14 Pageshealth care, as well as strong anti-union policies. The company’s high employee turnover rate is seen as evidence of an unhappy workforce. Approximately 70% of its employees leave within the first year. On average, full time hourly associates earn $10/hr or less than $ 17,874 per year which is about twenty percent less than the retail worker makes. Walmart managers are judged , in part, on their ability to control payroll costs. The company also faced employee poor working conditions whereRead MorePower and the Limits of Power in Organisational Theory3702 Words   |  15 Pagespower and dominate workers as their resistance would be futile. Part B Introduction The second part of the assignment focuses on using the perspective of modernism and critical theory on organisation’s relationship with the environment, using Wal-Mart as an example. In modernism, the organisational environment is defined with clear boundaries between the organisation and the environment, anything that is outside the boundary may impact the organisation. The environment has power over organisationsRead MoreThe New Marketing Myopia7296 Words   |  30 Pagesrequire revision. Printed at INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. Kindly do not reproduce or circulate without permission. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1336886 2 THE NEW MARKETING MYOPIA Abstract During the past half century, marketers generally have heeded Levitt’s (1960) advice to avoid â€Å"marketing myopia† by focusing on customers. We argue that they learned this lesson too well, resulting today in a new form of marketing myopia, which also causes distortions in strategicRead MoreStarbucks Going Global Fast3760 Words   |  16 Pagesago, however, the quiet store-front made front pages around the world. During the World Trade Organization talks in November, 1999, protesters flooded Seattle’s streets, and among their targets was Starbucks, a symbol, to them, of free-market capitalism run amok, another multinational out to blanket the earth. Amid the crowds of protesters and riot police were black-masked anarchists who trashed the store, leaving its windows smashed and its tasteful green-and-white decor smelling of tearRead MorePolitical Risk Management and Insurance: A Contextual Comparison12751 Words   |  51 Pagescontext of Efficient Market Theory (Hypothesis) and State capitalism. The paper explores the link between the three ways of insuring political risk to economic theories. Using case study of a multinational firm the political regime and its effect has been explored on business situations and how it can be managed. Political risks are the threats arising for a business due to the actions of a host government. Multinational firms in particular face political risks due to expansion of their businesses toRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesconsiderations for the pedagogical material within and at the ends of chapters. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It seems fitting to acknowledge everyone who has provided encouragement, information, advice, and constructive criticism through the years since the first edition of these Mistakes books. I hope you all are well and successful, and I truly appreciate your contributions. I apologize if I have missed anybody, and vi †¢ Preface would be grateful to know such so we can rectify this in future editionsRead Moreâ€Å"Implicit† and â€Å"Explicit† Csr: a Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility13330 Words   |  54 PagesToronto JEREMY MOON University of Nottingham We address the question of how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs among countries and how and why it changes. Applying two schools of thought in institutional theory, we conceptualize, first, the differences between CSR in the United States and Europe and, second, the recent rise of CSR in Europe. We also delineate the potential of our framework for application to other parts of the global economy. In this paper we address the questionRead MoreAirborne Express 714476 Words   |  58 Pagesare the U.S. citizen recently assigned as the manager of distribution in a European country where bribery is relatively accepted. Your job description includes responsibility for accepting shipments as they enter the local port authority. On your first trip down to the docks to sigh for a shipment, the customs agent in charge asks for a â€Å"tip† to clear the goods for pick up. The value of the incoming shipment is around $ 150,000. Knowing that the government has recently launched an initiative to

Motion to suppress qrant or denial Free Essays

â€Å"Search and seizure law is drawn primarily from the Fourth Amendment, which has been called the most ambiguous of the 10 amendments that make up the Bill of Rights. â€Å" (McWhirter, 1994, pg 1) The extent to which police may stop and frisk suspicious people who are in public and may be armed and dangerous has been of issue in many cases, (e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Motion to suppress qrant or denial or any similar topic only for you Order Now Terry v. Ohio.)   The defendant was convicted of carrying a concealed weapon.   The court ruled that police may stop and frisk such people without probable cause if the police have a reasonable suspicion that the people pose a threat to public safety. The opinion of the Court., â€Å"This case presents serious questions concerning the role of the Fourth Amendment in the confrontation on the street between the citizen and the policeman investigating suspicious circumstances,† (McWhirter, 1994, pg 60).   However in our case involving the possession of an illegal substance, the seizure was not a follow up to a search incident of a lawful arrest. â€Å"Constitutional flaws in the methods used to arrest, search, and interrogate may be uncovered, and the defense attorney can also establish a basis for a motion to suppress and therefore bar crucial evidence from a subsequent trial.† (Bamberger 1972, PG 119) The â€Å"War on Drugs† has led to the development of aggressive or innovative, depending on your point of view, police tactics.   The Supreme Court has developed three broad categorizations addressing the â€Å"encounters† between citizens and police.   Overall intent is to protect the right of the citizens to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures.   â€Å"The Constitution does not permit police officers, without probable cause or reasonable suspicion, to restrain the liberty of American citizens.† (Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 19 n. 16 (1968.) Granted in a police department, law enforcement officials must simultaneously respond to a myriad of situations. An officer may enter the residence to find no burglar or any other person and numerous marijuana plants belonging to the absent homeowner.   As in either of these cases, happen stance yields an illegal product. Generally, officers must make their initial warrant-less entry into the home or commercial building immediately after realizing an emergency is at hand. Under some circumstances though, courts have allowed police to delay their initial entry. â€Å"In these cases, police may be facing either an ongoing emergency, such as a kidnapping, or gathering facts to determine whether assistance is truly needed, such as in a missing persons case. If there is a reasonable explanation for the officer’s delay, the entry, even though delayed, will most likely be construed as lawful under the emergency exception.† (10th Cir. 1994) (9th Cir. 1986) Sam Wardlow, a â€Å"middle-aged African-American male,† was standing in front of a building holding a bag†¦he ran before an arrest was made and a gun was confiscated. â€Å"Should running from police in â€Å"high crime areas† be viewed differently from running from police in â€Å"low crime areas†? If so, are there various shades of Fourth Amendment protections throughout the country, depending upon which neighborhood you live in?† (Slade, 1999, pg. 86) An additional indirect case that correlates the two â€Å"passenger† example, a defendant’s motions to suppress confiscated drugs, State v. Kaluna, was granted on the ground that it had been illegally seized. The state supreme court affirmed this suppression order.   Following an arrest for robbery, â€Å"the defendant was told to strip for a search. She then reached into her brassiere and pulled out a piece of folded tissue. Handing it to the matron, she claimed that this was all that she had. The matron unfolded the tissue and found a barbiturate. â€Å"(Friedelbaum, 1988, pg 134) District court judge Santiago Campos granted motion to suppress (U.S. v. Zapata (1992, 1993) the physical evidence and statements. This ruling exemplifies the two â€Å"passenger† cases fact for fact.   The initial encounter between the passengers and the narcotics agent was â€Å"an involuntary and nonconsensual seizure† in violation of the Fourth Amendment. â€Å"In a public compartment on an Amtrak train with his wife and infant son†¦DEA Special Agent boarded the train†¦ identified himself as a police officer, blocked Zapata’s egress from his seat, and asked if he could search Zapata’s bags, Zapata seemed to agree. Zapata stood up, took down the bags, and opened them†¦several kilograms of cocaine.†Ã‚   (Renteln, 2004, pg 91) For the press, it is one of the most difficult situations, a hearing on a motion to suppress evidence.   â€Å"If the report of a confession reaches them, trial delays are almost certain. If the defense asks for a change of venue the judge will be put under additional strain, particularly if he decides to go ahead with the jury selection process.† (Gerald, 1983 pg. 51) Reference(s) Darien A. McWhirter, Publication Year: 1994. Search, Seizure and Privacy.Contributors: Publisher: Oryx Press. Place of Publication: Phoenix. Page Number: 1. Darien A. McWhirter. Publication Year: 1994. Search, Seizure and Privacy. Contributors: TERRY v. OHIO, MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN, Publisher: Oryx Press. Place of Publication: Phoenix.. Page Number: 60. Richard Bamberger, Publication Year: 1972, Justice Is the Crime: Pretrial Delay in Felony Cases. Contributors: – Lewis Katz – author, Lawrence Litwin – author. Publisher: Press of Case Western Reserve University. Place of Publication:Cleveland, OH.. Page Number: 119. Florida v. Bostick, 1968 Washington, 151 F.3d at 1357 (citing 501 U.S. 429, 439 (1991); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 19 n. 16 ( (112.) Washington, 151 F.3d at 1357. (656) See United States v. Bute, 43 F. 3d 531, 537-39 (10th Cir. 1994)stressing importance of â€Å"immediacy† requirement). (657) See, e.g., U.S. v. Echegoyen 799 F.2d 1271 (9th Cir. 1986) (court upheld warrantless entry under exigent circumstances despite the fact that officers were on the premises for approximately two and one-half to three hours before they entered the home). David C. Slade, Publication Date: December 1999, Run! It’s the Cops!: Police Protector or Enemy in High Crime Neighborhoods. Contributors: – author. Magazine Title: World and I. Volume: 14. Issue: 12.. Page Number: 86. COPYRIGHT 1999 News World Communications, Inc.; COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group Stanley H. Friedelbaum, Publication Year: 1988, Human Rights in the States: New Directions in Constitutional Policymaking. Contributors: – editor. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: New York.. Page Number: 134. Alison Dundes Renteln, Publication Year: 2004, The Cultural Defense. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York.. Page Number: 91. J. Edward Gerald, Publication Year: 1983 News of Crime: courts and Press in Conflict. Contributors: – author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT.. Page Number: 51. How to cite Motion to suppress qrant or denial, Essay examples